Syntheses
Huang stressed that speaking English outside the
classroom and motivation in speaking English were the powerful predictors of
the use of oral communication strategies among the learners.
This was supported by Hymes when he declared
that communicative competence enables learners to “convey and interpret
messages and to negotiate meanings interpersonally within specific contexts”.
Berning also reiterates that minimal criteria
for particular types of reportages, and challenges the argument that journalism
and literature have distinct, non-overlapping communicative goals.
In relation to this, Maxwell wrote: The students
need to learn the craft and art of writing. Unfortunately, most
writing-across-the-curriculum programs are too hit-and-miss to inculcate a love
of writing or even an attitude of appreciating the importance of writing.
However, Baker and MacIntyre argue that “It is
not the individual’s actual skill that counts; rather it is how they perceive
their communication competence that will determine their willingness to communicate.
In addition, John, Reminski and Hanks’ findings
showed considerable diversity among programs teaching journalism regarding
testing, uses of tests, criteria, types of tests used, retake policies, and
remedial help". They concluded that despite long-standing interest in
formal assessment of language skills, agreed upon standards are non-existent
which probably added to the worsening scenario of dealing with inaccuracies in
journalism.
Notably in the Philippines, Dizon stated that
English proficiency of Filipinos has recovered and improved in the last two
years, especially in the fields of written and spoken English, a study by
research outfit Social Weather Stations (SWS) affirmed.
This was further asserted by Mangahas when he
said that the most important finding is that there is an improvement in all the
expected properties. This is all age groups, of different classes and sectors.
These are the people actively thinking of improving themselves. They are
drawing from their own foundation and improving themselves first,”
Related literature and studies conducted by
different writers helped the researcher in the formulation of questions and
conceptual framework. Obviously, there were
somehow similarities and differences in beliefs,
findings based on the analysis and interpretation made on this study.
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